http://www.icchurchonline.org/
Includes information on Lay Carmelites, Koinonia, and St. Mary's School.
レイカルメル会修道士・Koinoniaとセントメアリーの学校
に関する情報を含みます。
School 学校
A school (from Greek s???? (schol?), originally meaning "leisure", and also "that in which leisure is employed", "school"),[1] is an institution designed to allow and encourage students (or "pupils") to learn, under the supervision of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools vary by country (discussed in the Regional section below), but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education.
In addition to these core schools, students in a given country may also have access to and attend schools both before and after primary and secondary education. Kindergarten or pre-school provide some schooling to very young children (typically ages 3-5). University, vocational school, college or seminary may be available after (or in lieu of) secondary school. A school may also be dedicated to one particular field, such as a school of economics or a school of dance. Alternative schools may provide nontraditional curriculum and methods.
There are also non-government schools, called private schools. Private schools may be for children with special needs when the government does not supply for them; religious, such as Christian Schools, Khalsa Schools, Torah Schools and others; or schools that have a higher standard of education or seek to foster other personal achievements.
In homeschooling and online schools, teaching and learning take place outside of a traditional school building.
United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations
In the United Kingdom, the term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions, and these can, for the most part, be divided into pre-schools or nursery schools, primary schools (sometimes further divided into infant school and junior school), and secondary schools. There are various types of secondary schools which include grammar schools, comprehensives, secondary moderns and city academies. In Scotland school performance is monitored by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education. Ofsted reports on performance in England and Wales.
In the United Kingdom, most schools are publicly funded and known as state schools or maintained schools in which tuition is provided free. There are also private schools or independent schools that charge fees. Some of the most selective and expensive private schools are known as public schools, a usage that can be confusing to speakers of North American English. In North American usage, a public school is one that is publicly funded or run.
In much of the Commonwealth of Nations, including Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Tanzania, the term school refers primarily to pre-university institutions.
Europe
In much of continental Europe, the term school usually applies to primary education, with primary schools that last between six and nine years, depending on the country. It also applies to secondary education, with secondary schools often divided between Gymnasiums and vocational schools, which again depending on country and type of school educate students for between three and six years. The term school is rarely used for tertiary education, except for some upper or high schools (German: Hochschule) which are used to describe colleges and universities.
In North America, the term school can refer to any educational institution at any level, and covers all of the following: preschool (for toddlers), kindergarten, elementary school, middle school (also called intermediate school or junior high school, depending on specific age groups and geographic region), senior high school, college, university, and graduate school.
In the US, school performance through high school is monitored by each state's Department of Education. Charter schools are publicly funded elementary or secondary schools that have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools. The terms grammar school and grade school are sometimes used to refer to a primary school.
学校（ギリシアのsから????(奨学金？)当初意味深長な「余暇」、更には「どの余暇が費やされるかというそれ」（「学校」）、先生の管理中で、[1]は許して、学生（または「生徒」）が学ぶのを奨励するように設計された施設です。）大部分の国には正規の教育のシステムがあります。そして、それは一般に強制的です。これらのシステムでは、学生は一連の学校を進みます。これらの学校の名前は、地方（下記の地域セクションで論じられる）によって変化するが、初等教育を完了したティーンエイジャーのために、幼児と中学校のために一般に小学校を含みます。これらの中心的な学校に加えて、所定の国の学生は、予備選挙と中等教育の前後に学校にアクセスもするかもしれなくて、通いもするかもしれません。幼稚園または幼稚園は、若干の学校教育を非常に若い子供たち（一般的に、3-5を古くします）に提供します。大学、職業学校、大学または神学校は、（あるいは、の代わりに）中学校の後で利用できるかもしれません。学校は、1特定のフィールド（例えば経済学学部またはダンスの学校）を専門ともするかもしれません。新方式学校は、非伝統的カリキュラムと方法を提供するかもしれません。民間の学校もあります。そして、私立学校と呼ばれています。政府が彼らのために供給をしないとき、私立学校は障害で子供たちのためかもしれません;クリスチャン学校、カルサ学校、律法学校その他のような、信心深い;またはより高い教育程度を持つか、他の個人の学力を促進しようとする学校。ホームスクーリングとオンライン学校で、教育と学習は、伝統的な校舎の外側に起こります。イギリスではイギリスと連邦、学期学校は主にプレ大学機関に言及します、そして、これらは、ほとんどの場合、幼稚園または保育所、小学校（時々、幼児学校と小学校にさらに分けられる）と中学校に分けられることができます。中等学校、総合中等学校、中等学校の一つと都市アカデミーを含むさまざまな中学校が、あります。スコットランド学校で、パフォーマンスはEducationの皇后陛下のInspectorateによってモニターされます。Ofstedは、イングランドとウェールズでパフォーマンスを報道します。イギリスでは、大部分の学校は公的資金によって、公立学校として知られているか、授業が自由に提供される学校を維持しました。料金を請求する私立学校または私立学校が、ありもします。最も選択的で高価な私立学校のいくつかは、公立学校（北アメリカ英語の話者に混乱させることがありえる使用）として知られています。北アメリカ使用法では、公立学校は公的資金によるか、動くものです。オーストラリア、ニュージーランド、インド、パキスタン、バングラデシュ、スリランカ、ケニヤとタンザニアを含む連邦の多くでは、学期学校は、主にプレ大学機関に言及します。大陸ヨーロッパの多くではヨーロッパ、国に従い、6と9年の間でもつ小学校で、学期学校は、通常初等教育にあてはまります。しばしば中学校をGymnasiumsと職業学校で分けて、それも中等教育にあてはまります。そして、それは再び地方と学校のタイプに従い3〜6年の間学生を教育します。多少の甲革またはハイスクールを除いて、学期学校が、第三次教育のためにめったに使われません（ドイツ語：Hochschule）、そしてそれは単科大学と総合大学を記述するのに用いられます。北アメリカでは、学期学校はどんなレベルででもどんな教育機関にでも言及することができて、以下の全てをカバーします：幼稚園（幼児のために）、幼稚園、小学校、中学校（また、特定の年齢層と地理的地域に従い、中等学校または中学校と呼ばれる）、高等学校、大学、大学と大学院。米国では、ハイスクールを通しての学校パフォーマンスは、各々の州の教育省によってモニターされます。チャーター学校は、規則、規則と他の公立学校にあてはまる法規のいくらかから解かれた公営初等または中等学校です。条件中等学校と小学校は、時々、小学校に言及するのに用いられます。
information 情報
Information as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.
Many people speak about the Information Age as the advent of the Knowledge Age[citation needed][weasel words] or knowledge society, the information society, the Information revolution, and information technologies, and even though informatics, information science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has acquired.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest historical meaning of the word information in English was the act of informing, or giving form or shape to the mind, as in education, instruction, or training. A quote from 1387: "Five books come down from heaven for information of mankind." It was also used for an item of training, e.g. a particular instruction. "Melibee had heard the great skills and reasons of Dame Prudence, and her wise information and techniques." (1386)
The English word was apparently derived by adding the common "noun of action" ending "-ation" (descended through French from Latin "-tio") to the earlier verb to inform, in the sense of to give form to the mind, to discipline, instruct, teach: "Men so wise should go and inform their kings." (1330) Inform itself comes (via French) from the Latin verb informare, to give form to, to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already even contained the word informatio meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information in English is unclear.
As a final note, the ancient Greek word for form was e?d?? eidos, and this word was famously used in a technical philosophical sense by Plato (and later Aristotle) to denote the ideal identity or essence of something (see Theory of forms). "Eidos" can also be associated with thought, proposition or even concept.
Information is the state of a system of interest. Message is the information materialized.
Information is a quality of a message from a sender to one or more receivers. Information is always about something (size of a parameter, occurrence of an event, etc). Viewed in this manner, information does not have to be accurate; it may be a truth or a lie, or just the sound of a falling tree. Even a disruptive noise used to inhibit the flow of communication and create misunderstanding would in this view be a form of information. However, generally speaking, if the amount of information in the received message increases, the message is more accurate.
This model assumes there is a definite sender and at least one receiver. Many refinements of the model assume the existence of a common language understood by the sender and at least one of the receivers. An important variation identifies information as that which would be communicated by a message if it were sent from a sender to a receiver capable of understanding the message. In another variation, it is not required that the sender be capable of understanding the message, or even cognizant that there is a message, making information something that can be extracted from an environment, e.g., through observation, reading or measurement.
Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication, representation, and mental stimulus. Simply stated, information is a message received and understood. In terms of data, it can be defined as a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn. There are many other aspects of information since it is the knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction. But overall, information is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the person receiving it.
Communication theory provides a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome. For example, we can say that "the signal contained thousands of bits of information". Communication theory tends to use the concept of information entropy, generally attributed to C.E. Shannon (see below).
日常的な使用から技術的なセッティングまで、概念としての情報には、意味の多様性があります。一般的に言って、情報の概念は、制約、コミュニケーション、支配、データ、調子、指導、知識、意味、精神的な刺激、パターン、認識と代表の概念に、密接に関連があります。多くの人々はKnowledge時代［必要とされる表彰状］［逃げ口上］または知識社会（情報社会、Information革命と情報テクノロジー）の出現として情報時代について話します、そして、たとえ情報科学、情報科学とコンピューターサイエンスがしばしばスポットライトであるとしても、語「情報」がそれが得たいろいろな意味の慎重な考慮なしでしばしば使われます。オックスフォード英語辞典によると、英語の語情報で最も初期の歴史の意味は、教育、指導またはトレーニングの場合のように、形または形に心に知らせるか、与えることの行為でした。1387からの引用：「5冊の本は、人類の情報のために、天国から降ります。」、Itがトレーニング（例えば特定の指示）のアイテムのためにも使われました。「Melibeeは、すばらしい技術とPrudence夫人と彼女の賢い情報と技術上の理由を聞きました。」英単語が明らかに一般の「行動の名詞」結末を加えて引き出された(1386)「-」知らせる初期の動詞へのation」（ラテンの「-tio」からフランス語を通して下られる）、という意味において、心に調子を与えることは、規律に、指導します、教えてください：「とても賢い男性は、行かなければならなくて、彼らの王に知らせなければなりません。」と、（1330）Inform自体がラテンの動詞informareから浮かびます（フランス語を通して）、調子を与えて、考えを形成するために。
from wikipedia
